![]() This seems to have been created in 1048 by Garcia VI, King of Navarre (1034-1054) in honour of his recovery from "a languishing sickness". Ximines changed the ancient arms of his family and adopted this device. The French writer of 1620, gives little credence to the accounts of the establishment of this Order. Theīadge is in the form of a verdant oak tree, at the top of which appears a plain red cross. Marching against the Moors in the year 722, Ximines saw in a vision a red cross adored by angels, at the top of an oak. In thankfulness for his great victory over the infidels, and pledged its members to the defense of the Christian faith. Of forty-two years, and was buried at the hermitage of Saint John Baptist de la Pegna, near his castle. He succeeded in driving the invading Moors from Navarre and parts of Aragon, and won for himself and his descendant kings the title of "Most loyal defenders of the Faith." He died in 758 after a reign Ximines, a French prince and Count of Bigorre, born in 688 and crowned on May 3, 716, as King of Navarre. This is the earliest Spanish Military Order known to us. The military medals of award, is the object of this volume. One cover of such information as is available regarding the badges of these Orders and of those of a later day, together with When feudalism flourished were given to fighting for existence rather than in writing of what was done. The writers, again and again, are at a loss. To gather and sift such material as could be found in their day, and since much of what they wrote is carefully annotatedĪnd otherwise bears evidence of careful examination, there is the greater reason for considering it trustworthy. Favine in 1620, Ashmole in 1672 and again in 1715, and Giustiniani in 1692, endeavored ![]() Of their records was appreciated in the seventeenth century, when the writers were not so removed in point of time from theĬircumstances which they attempted to fix. There is satisfaction, therefore, in finding that the importance Have thrown over such beginnings a veil difficult to penetrate. For the earliest orders, the gathering of data and the sifting ofĬonflicting statements regarding origins and reorganizations would be the task of a life-time. Our concern, herein, is rather with the badges and insignia of these brotherhoods and of those which have followed them,Īnd reference to their history is made only where necessary to make clear facts regarding these emblems.Ī further brief word is required regarding our sources. Goddard King and published by the Hispanic Society of America, entitled "A Brief Account of the Military Orders in Spain ". It is superfluous because it has already been very ably and very admirably done in a volume written by Professor Georgiana Fortunately, for the purposes of this monograph, Even in Spain, where the records may still be in existence, the task would be Herculean. To trace the story of these Orders is peculiarly difficult. They gradually disappeared with the suppression of the Arab invaders. Nor is it other than might have been anticipated that ![]() Originating in the Iberian peninsula during this troublesome period. In consequence, and because theirs was soĮssentially a combination of the religious and the military life, it is not surprising to find many of the Orders of Chivalry Of the Moor left no room for a passive theology-the kings and princes of the Spain of the Middle Ages were literally, and in very truth, "Defenders of the Faith". From the veryĮarliest times, religious faith has played a prominent part in the life and in the history of the Spaniards. Of Spain, more than of any other country, is it true that the history of a nation reflects the character of its people. 14615, U.S.A.īODY SPANISH ORDERS OF CHIVALRY AND DECORATIONS OF HONOUR By Harrold E. SPANISH ORDERS OF CHIVALRY AND DECORATIONS OF HONOURġ781 Dewey Ave., cor. ![]() Permission for this reprinting has been given, graciously, by the American Numismatic Society. This booklet is being reprinted in the interest of the medallic collectors of this country. The Museum of the American Indian-Heye Foundation. Hispanic Notes and Monographs published by the Hispanic Society of America, and with Indian Notes and Monographs issued by Numismatic Notes and Monographs is devoted to essays and treatises on subjects relating to coins, paper money, medals and decorations, and is uniform with
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